Scoliosis is a three-dimensional, rotational deformity affecting not only the spine but the entire trunk. In over 80% of cases, the specific cause remains unidentified, resulting in a condition known as ‘idiopathic scoliosis,’ which typically manifests in 2-4% of adolescents, predominantly girls. Other identifiable types include congenital (present at birth), neuromuscular (linked to neurological or muscular disorders), syndromic (associated with broader health issues), or degenerative (related to intervertebral disc degeneration later in life).
Currently, there are no known methods to prevent the development of scoliosis. It often emerges over a relatively short period, typically unnoticed in its early stages, partly due to infrequent observations of an adolescent’s unclothed body by parents. It’s during activities like family vacations, involving swimsuits or lightweight clothing, that parents may first notice asymmetry in their child’s back. While this realization can be startling, it’s essential to understand that the condition may not have been discernible months earlier during periods of rapid growth.
Early diagnosis is crucial as non-surgical treatments can still be effective. Options include careful observation, Scoliosis Specific Exercise therapy (such as Schroth therapy), or bracing. The primary objective during this stage is to halt further curvature progression, as minor curves at maturity generally do not pose significant lifelong concerns. However, if the curvature reaches 40-50 degrees or more, surgery might be recommended. Modern surgical techniques offer reliable, safe, and effective outcomes with minimal hospital stays. The decision for surgery involves thorough discussion between the doctor and the patient/parents, weighing the benefits against potential risks.
